ChemStudy

William H. Stein (USA, 1911/06/25 - 1980/02/02)

Studies on the active enter of ribonuclease

1975

John W. Cornforth (United Kingdom, *1917/09/07 - )

Stereochemistry of enzyme catalysis reactions

Vladimir Prelog (Switzerland, Yugoslavia, *1906/07/23 - )

Studies on the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions

1977

Ilya Prigogine (Belgium, *1917/01/25 - )

Contributions to the thermodynamics of irreversible processes, particularly to the theory of dissipative structures

1978

Peter D. Mitchell (United Kingdom, *1920/09/29 - )

Studies of biological energy transfer, development of the chemiosmotic theory

1980

Paul Berg (USA, *1926/06/30 - )

Studies on the biochemistry of nucleic acids, particularly hybrid DNA (technology of gene surgery)

Walter Gilbert (USA, *1932/03/21 - )

Frederick Sanger (United Kingdom, 1918/08/13 - )

Determination of base sequences in nucleic acids

1982

Aaron Klug (United Kingdom, *1926/08/11)

Development of crystallographic methods for the elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid protein complexes

1983

Henry Taube (Canada, *1915/11/30 - )

Reaction mechanisms of electron transfer, especially with metal complexes

1984

Robert Bruce Merrifield (USA, *1921/07/15 - )

Method for the preparation of peptides and proteins

1985

Herbert A. Hauptman (USA, 1917/02/14 - )

Jerome Karle (USA, 1918/06/18 - )

Development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures

1987

Donald J. Cram (USA, *1919/04/22 - )

Charles J. Pedersen (USA, 1904/10/03 - 1989/10/26)

JeanMarie Lehn (France, *1939/09/30 - )

Development of molecules with structurally specific interaction of high selectivity

1988

Johann Deisenhofer (Germany, *1943/09/30 - )

Robert Huber (Germany, *1937/02/20 - )

Hartmut Michel (Germany, *1948/07/18 - )

Determination of the threedimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction center

1989

Sidney Altman (Canada, *1939/05/08 - )

Thomas Robert Cech (USA, *1947/12/08 - )

Discovery of the catalytic properties of ribonucleic acid (RNA)

1990

Elias James Corey (USA, *1928/07/12 - )

Development of novel methods for the synthesis of complex natural compounds (retrosynthetic analysis)

1992 Rudolph A. Marcus (USA, *1923 - )

Theories of electron transfer

1993

Kary Banks Mullis (USA, *1944 -)

Invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Michael Smith (Canada, *1932 - )

Development of site specific mutagenesis

ЦЗИЛИНЬ , провинция в Китае; см. Гирин.

ШАМЯКИН Иван Петрович (р . 1921), белорусский писатель, народный писатель Белоруссии (1972), член-корреспондент АН Белоруссии (1980), Герой Социалистического Труда (1981). Романы "Глубокое течение" (1949; Государственная премия СССР, 1951), "Сердце на ладони" (1964), "Атланты и кариатиды" (1974), "Возьму твою боль" (1980), "Петроград - Брест" (1981). Цикл повестей "Тревожное счастье" (1956-66) посвящен морально-этическим проблемам. Автобиографическая книга "Корни и ветви" (1986).

БОЛЬШОЙ МЕНДЕРЕС (Buyuk Menderes) , река на западе Турции. 380 км, площадь бассейна 23,9 тыс. км2. Начинается на Анатолийском плоскогорье, впадает в Эгейское м., образуя дельту. Средний расход воды ок. 90 м3/с. В нижнем течении русло извилисто, поэтому древнегреческое название Большого Мендереса - Меандр стало синонимом речных излучин.